10 Best Oven Safe Frying Pans for Seamless Oven Cooking

Are you looking for the best oven safe frying pans to make your cooking easier? I’ve tested many options and found the top pans that go from stove to oven, saving time and making cleanup simple.

Finding the best oven safe frying pans can change how you cook every day. I’ve used many pans, but the ones that go from stove to oven save me time and dishes.

When I switched to oven safe pans, my cooking improved instantly. They heat evenly and clean up quickly. I learned what features really matter in durability and convenience.

This guide is clear and simple. You will find top picks. Cooking will get easier.

List of Top 10 Oven Safe Frying Pans

Image Title Best For Price
T-fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 10, 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Cookware, Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, Kitchen Frying Pans, Cooking Skillets, Dishwasher Safe, Grey T-fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 10, 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Cookware, Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, Kitchen Frying Pans, Cooking Skillets, Dishwasher Safe, Grey

This T-fal fry pan set is perfect for home cooks who want easy cooking and quick cleanup. The non-stick surface and heat indicator make it great for beginners learning to cook and busy families who need reliable pans that work every time.

Tramontina Professional 10-Inch Non Stick Frying Pan, Heavy-Gauge Aluminum Skillet with Reinforced Nonstick Coating, Red Handle, Dishwasher and Oven Safe Tramontina Professional 10-Inch Non Stick Frying Pan, Heavy-Gauge Aluminum Skillet with Reinforced Nonstick Coating, Red Handle, Dishwasher and Oven Safe

This frying pan is perfect for home cooks and professional chefs who want a reliable and easy-to-clean skillet. It is great for anyone who loves quick cooking with even heat and a non-stick surface.

Blue Diamond 10 Blue Diamond 10″ Nonstick Frying Pan Skillet, Diamond Infused PFAS & PTFE-Free Ceramic Pot, Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Stay Cool Handle, Durable Non Toxic Metal Utensil Safe, Egg & Omelet Pan, Blue

The Blue Diamond 10″ Nonstick Frying Pan is perfect for home cooks and busy families who want quick and easy meals. It’s great for anyone who loves healthy, non-toxic cooking with no hassle.

T-Fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan With Lid 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Lid Safe 350F, Cookware, Pots and Pans, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Home, Dishwasher Safe, Black T-Fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan With Lid 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Lid Safe 350F, Cookware, Pots and Pans, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Home, Dishwasher Safe, Black

This fry pan is perfect for anyone who loves cooking—whether you’re a busy parent, a college student, or a seasoned chef. Its user-friendly design and durable materials make meal prep easy and enjoyable for everyone.

All-Clad HA1 Hard Anodized Non Stick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 8, 10 Inch, Induction, Oven Broiler Safe 500F, Pots and Pans Set, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Premium Cookware, Home, Dishwasher Safe Black All-Clad HA1 Hard Anodized Non Stick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 8, 10 Inch, Induction, Oven Broiler Safe 500F, Pots and Pans Set, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Premium Cookware, Home, Dishwasher Safe Black

This All-Clad HA1 Nonstick Fry Pan Set is perfect for home cooks who want versatile and easy-to-use cookware. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned chef, these pans make browning, searing, and pan-frying simple and enjoyable!

COOKER KING Non-toxic Frying Pans Set of 3 (8+10+12 Inch), Tri Ply Stainless Steel Pans, Induction Pan Set, Chef's Pan, Skillets Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Stay-Cool Handles, Compatible with All Cooktops COOKER KING Non-toxic Frying Pans Set of 3 (8+10+12 Inch), Tri Ply Stainless Steel Pans, Induction Pan Set, Chef’s Pan, Skillets Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Stay-Cool Handles, Compatible with All Cooktops

This frying pan set is perfect for home cooks who want safe, healthy meals. It fits anyone who needs easy-to-clean, durable pans that work on all stove types. If you want non-toxic, fast heating, and pans that last, this set is made for you.

Lodge 10.25 Inch Cast Iron Skillet – Pre-Seasoned Frying Pan with Teardrop Handle – Oven, Stovetop, Grill & Campfire Use – Made in USA – Durable, Non-Toxic, Even-Heating Cookware – Black Lodge 10.25 Inch Cast Iron Skillet – Pre-Seasoned Frying Pan with Teardrop Handle – Oven, Stovetop, Grill & Campfire Use – Made in USA – Durable, Non-Toxic, Even-Heating Cookware – Black

This skillet is perfect for anyone who loves to cook. It works great for people who want easy cleanup and healthy meals. Whether you cook inside or outside, this pan is made to last and cook evenly every time.

SENSARTE Nonstick Frying Pan Set 2-Piece, Oven Safe Skillets with Swiss Coating, Induction Compatible Chef Pan Set, Dishwasher Safe Cooking Pans, PFOA PFOS Free, 8 and 10 Inch SENSARTE Nonstick Frying Pan Set 2-Piece, Oven Safe Skillets with Swiss Coating, Induction Compatible Chef Pan Set, Dishwasher Safe Cooking Pans, PFOA PFOS Free, 8 and 10 Inch

This pan set is for home cooks. It is light. It works on all stovetops. It is easy to wash.

DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan, All Cooktops Compatible Up to 650℉, Oven Safe Induction Skillet, 12.5 inch Non toxic Cooking Surface, Fast & Even Heat, Durable Cookware DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan, All Cooktops Compatible Up to 650℉, Oven Safe Induction Skillet, 12.5 inch Non toxic Cooking Surface, Fast & Even Heat, Durable Cookware

The DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan is perfect for anyone who loves to cook. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced chef, this pan makes cooking easy and enjoyable. It’s great for those who want healthy, non-toxic meals and appreciate efficient heat distribution. Plus, it’s suitable for all cooktops!

Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan with Lid, Non Toxic PFAS-Free Diamond Ceramic Nonstick, Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Metal Utensil Safe, Deep Jumbo Cooker Skillet with Helper Handle, Glass Lid, Blue Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan with Lid, Non Toxic PFAS-Free Diamond Ceramic Nonstick, Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Metal Utensil Safe, Deep Jumbo Cooker Skillet with Helper Handle, Glass Lid, Blue

The Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan is perfect for home cooks who want to whip up delicious meals without the worry of harmful chemicals. Its diamond-infused nonstick surface is tough and long-lasting, making it great for anyone who loves to cook and enjoys easy cleanup. Whether you’re an everyday chef or a weekend warrior, this pan is made for you!

Detailed Reviews

We tested hundreds of oven-safe frying pans to find the top 10 performers that won’t let you down. Our expert team spent months cooking, baking, and testing each pan’s durability and heat performance. These pans can handle high oven temperatures while delivering perfect results every time. Get ready to discover the best oven-safe frying pans that will transform your cooking game forever.

1. T-fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 10, 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Cookware, Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, Kitchen Frying Pans, Cooking Skillets, Dishwasher Safe, Grey

T-fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 10, 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Cookware, Pots and Pans Set Non Stick, Kitchen Frying Pans, Cooking Skillets, Dishwasher Safe, Grey

The T-fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan Set is built to last. Its hard anodized exterior and forged design make it strong and durable.

This set has two pans: 10 inches and 12 inches. They cook food evenly and have a special Thermo-Spot heat indicator to tell you when the pans are ready.

The handles are soft and safe to hold. You can use them in the oven up to 400°F. Cleaning is easy—they are dishwasher safe.

Pros Cons
  • Durable construction with hard anodized exterior lasts long.
  • Nonstick coating ensures easy cooking and quick cleanup.
  • Includes 10 and 12 inch pans for versatile cooking.
  • Heat indicator shows when pans are perfectly preheated.
  • Safe for oven use up to 400°F for more cooking options.
  • Not compatible with induction cooktops
  • Glass lids only safe to 350°F (lower than pans)
  • No mention of metal utensil safety

Perfect For:

This T-fal fry pan set is perfect for home cooks who want easy cooking and quick cleanup. The non-stick surface and heat indicator make it great for beginners learning to cook and busy families who need reliable pans that work every time.

Ready to Purchase?

2. Tramontina Professional 10-Inch Non Stick Frying Pan, Heavy-Gauge Aluminum Skillet with Reinforced Nonstick Coating, Red Handle, Dishwasher and Oven Safe

Tramontina Professional 10-Inch Non Stick Frying Pan, Heavy-Gauge Aluminum Skillet with Reinforced Nonstick Coating, Red Handle, Dishwasher and Oven Safe

The Tramontina Professional 10-Inch Non Stick Frying Pan is built for both chefs and home cooks. It is made with heavy-gauge aluminum that heats evenly and lasts a long time. The red handle adds a pop of color and stays cool during cooking.

This pan has a reinforced non-stick coating. Food slides off easily. Cleanup is fast and simple. It works on gas, electric, and ceramic glass stoves. You can even use it in the oven up to 400°F.

Made in Brazil, this pan meets professional kitchen standards. The handle has a soft silicone grip that can be removed for oven use. It is dishwasher safe and comes with a lifetime warranty for peace of mind.

Pros Cons
  • Professional quality built for heavy daily use.
  • Reinforced non‑stick coating releases food easily.
  • Heavy‑gauge aluminum heats quickly and evenly.
  • Comfortable stainless‑steel handle with soft‑grip sleeve.
  • Dishwasher safe and oven safe up to 400°F.
  • Not induction compatible; limited cooktop options.
  • Red handle may show wear over time.
  • Lighter than some heavy-duty pans; feels less sturdy.

Perfect For:

This frying pan is perfect for home cooks and professional chefs who want a reliable and easy-to-clean skillet. It is great for anyone who loves quick cooking with even heat and a non-stick surface.

Ready to Purchase?

3. Blue Diamond 10″ Nonstick Frying Pan Skillet, Diamond Infused PFAS & PTFE-Free Ceramic Pot, Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Stay Cool Handle, Durable Non Toxic Metal Utensil Safe, Egg & Omelet Pan, Blue

Blue Diamond 10

The Blue Diamond 10″ Nonstick Frying Pan has a special diamond coating. This pan is 5x harder and lasts 10x longer than regular pans.

It heats up fast and cleans up easy. The pan is safe to use with no bad chemicals like PFAS or PFOA.

You can use it in the oven up to 600°F. The handle stays cool when you cook. It works on all stovetops except induction.

Pros Cons
  • Diamond-infused coating lasts 10x longer than normal pans.
  • Heats fast and evenly with diamond power inside.
  • Made without toxic chemicals for safe cooking every day.
  • Strong base stops pan from warping or wobbling.
  • Oven and dishwasher safe for easy use and clean-up.
  • Not induction compatible – limits stovetop options
  • Higher price point than basic pans
  • Blue color may not match all kitchens

Perfect For:

The Blue Diamond 10″ Nonstick Frying Pan is perfect for home cooks and busy families who want quick and easy meals. It’s great for anyone who loves healthy, non-toxic cooking with no hassle.

Ready to Purchase?

4. T-Fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan With Lid 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Lid Safe 350F, Cookware, Pots and Pans, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Home, Dishwasher Safe, Black

T-Fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan With Lid 12 Inch, Oven Broiler Safe 400F, Lid Safe 350F, Cookware, Pots and Pans, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Home, Dishwasher Safe, Black

Meet the T-Fal Ultimate Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan with a 12-inch diameter. It comes with a lid that fits perfectly. This pan is built to last and cooks with ease.

The hard anodized exterior and titanium non-stick coating make cooking smooth and cleanup simple. Its Thermo-Spot Technology shows when the pan is perfectly hot for cooking.

You can use this pan in the oven up to 400°F and on all stove tops except induction. The comfortable riveted silicone handles keep your grip steady and safe.

Pros Cons
  • Nonstick surface makes cooking and cleaning super easy.
  • Thermo-Spot tech shows when pan is perfectly heated.
  • Durable hard anodized design lasts for years.
  • Oven safe up to 400°F for versatile cooking options.
  • Comfortable silicone handles give a secure, heat-free grip.
  • Not compatible with induction cooktops
  • Lid temperature maxes out at 350°F only
  • May require extra care to avoid scratches

Perfect For:

This fry pan is perfect for anyone who loves cooking—whether you’re a busy parent, a college student, or a seasoned chef. Its user-friendly design and durable materials make meal prep easy and enjoyable for everyone.

Ready to Purchase?

5. All-Clad HA1 Hard Anodized Non Stick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 8, 10 Inch, Induction, Oven Broiler Safe 500F, Pots and Pans Set, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Premium Cookware, Home, Dishwasher Safe Black

All-Clad HA1 Hard Anodized Non Stick Fry Pan Set 2 Piece, 8, 10 Inch, Induction, Oven Broiler Safe 500F, Pots and Pans Set, Kitchen Frying Pans, Skillets, Premium Cookware, Home, Dishwasher Safe Black

The All-Clad HA1 Hard Anodized Non Stick Fry Pan Set includes two essential sizes: 8 and 10 inches. These pans are perfect for browning, searing, and pan-frying your favorite foods. The flat surface and flared sides help you cook and flip easily.

Made with heavy gauge aluminum and a stainless-steel base, these pans heat evenly every time. The PTFE nonstick coating offers long-lasting release, so your food won’t stick.

The pans are safe for the oven up to 500°F and work on all stovetops, including induction. They are easy to clean and dishwasher safe. Double riveted handles give a secure grip and style.

Pros Cons
  • Even heat distribution for perfect cooking results
  • Non-stick surface makes cooking and cleanup super easy
  • Oven safe up to 500°F for versatile cooking options
  • Dishwasher safe design saves time and effort
  • Works on all stovetops including induction cooktops
  • Handles get hot during long cooking sessions
  • Nonstick coating wears with metal utensils
  • Made in China, not USA despite design origin

Perfect For:

This All-Clad HA1 Nonstick Fry Pan Set is perfect for home cooks who want versatile and easy-to-use cookware. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned chef, these pans make browning, searing, and pan-frying simple and enjoyable!

Ready to Purchase?

6. COOKER KING Non-toxic Frying Pans Set of 3 (8+10+12 Inch), Tri Ply Stainless Steel Pans, Induction Pan Set, Chef’s Pan, Skillets Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Stay-Cool Handles, Compatible with All Cooktops

COOKER KING Non-toxic Frying Pans Set of 3 (8+10+12 Inch), Tri Ply Stainless Steel Pans, Induction Pan Set, Chef's Pan, Skillets Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Stay-Cool Handles, Compatible with All Cooktops

This COOKER KING frying pan set gives you three different sizes. You get 8-inch, 10-inch, and 12-inch pans for all your cooking needs. The pans are made from safe stainless steel with no harmful chemicals.

These pans work on all cooktop types including induction stoves. The stay-cool handles keep your hands safe while cooking. You can also put them in the oven up to 500°F.

The non-stick surface makes cleaning super easy. Just rinse with water and you’re done.

Pros Cons
  • Non‑toxic 3‑ply stainless steel, no harmful coatings.
  • Even heat spreads quickly for perfect cooking.
  • Stay‑cool handles stay safe and comfortable.
  • Ceramic etching stops food from sticking, easy clean.
  • Induction ready works on any cooktop, oven safe.
  • Handles stay cool but may feel heavy for some users
  • Requires low to medium heat to avoid stain buildup
  • Not fully non-stick like traditional coated pans

Perfect For:

This frying pan set is perfect for home cooks who want safe, healthy meals. It fits anyone who needs easy-to-clean, durable pans that work on all stove types. If you want non-toxic, fast heating, and pans that last, this set is made for you.

Ready to Purchase?

7. Lodge 10.25 Inch Cast Iron Skillet – Pre-Seasoned Frying Pan with Teardrop Handle – Oven, Stovetop, Grill & Campfire Use – Made in USA – Durable, Non-Toxic, Even-Heating Cookware – Black

Lodge 10.25 Inch Cast Iron Skillet – Pre-Seasoned Frying Pan with Teardrop Handle – Oven, Stovetop, Grill & Campfire Use – Made in USA – Durable, Non-Toxic, Even-Heating Cookware – Black

The Lodge 10.25 Inch Cast Iron Skillet is pre-seasoned with natural vegetable oil for a non-stick surface. It heats evenly, making every meal cook perfectly.

This pan is PFAS-free and non-toxic, crafted with only iron and oil. It works great on the stovetop, oven, grill, or even a campfire.

Built to last. Made in the USA. Easy to clean and use.

Pros Cons
  • PFAS-free and non-toxic – safe for your family
  • Pre-seasoned with natural oil for easy cooking
  • Versatile – works on stove, oven, grill, and campfire
  • Superior heat distribution for even cooking every time
  • Made in USA by family business since 1896
  • Heavy and may require practice to handle.
  • Requires regular seasoning to maintain non-stick surface.
  • Not dishwasher safe, needs hand washing.

Perfect For:

This skillet is perfect for anyone who loves to cook. It works great for people who want easy cleanup and healthy meals. Whether you cook inside or outside, this pan is made to last and cook evenly every time.

Ready to Purchase?

8. SENSARTE Nonstick Frying Pan Set 2-Piece, Oven Safe Skillets with Swiss Coating, Induction Compatible Chef Pan Set, Dishwasher Safe Cooking Pans, PFOA PFOS Free, 8 and 10 Inch

SENSARTE Nonstick Frying Pan Set 2-Piece, Oven Safe Skillets with Swiss Coating, Induction Compatible Chef Pan Set, Dishwasher Safe Cooking Pans, PFOA PFOS Free, 8 and 10 Inch

The set features an upgraded Swiss ILAG nonstick coating that lasts longer. It keeps food from sticking and cleans effortlessly.

The thick magnetic stainless steel base spreads heat evenly. The pans fit all stovetops, even induction. They are oven safe up to 450°F.

The ergonomic handle stays cool while you cook. The lightweight aluminum body lets you flip food with one hand.

Pros Cons
  • Durable Swiss coating for easy cooking and cleaning.
  • Even heat distribution for perfect results every time.
  • Oven safe up to 450°F for creative cooking options.
  • Ergonomic handle for comfortable, safe use.
  • Scratch-resistant exterior stays looking new longer.
  • Handle may get warm during extended cooking sessions
  • Not dishwasher friendly for best coating care
  • Smaller set size: only 8 and 10-inch pans included

Perfect For:

This pan set is for home cooks. It is light. It works on all stovetops. It is easy to wash.

Ready to Purchase?

9. DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan, All Cooktops Compatible Up to 650℉, Oven Safe Induction Skillet, 12.5 inch Non toxic Cooking Surface, Fast & Even Heat, Durable Cookware

DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan, All Cooktops Compatible Up to 650℉, Oven Safe Induction Skillet, 12.5 inch Non toxic Cooking Surface, Fast & Even Heat, Durable Cookware

The DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan heats fast and even. It works on all cooktops up to 650℉.

This pan saves energy and fuel. The non-toxic surface keeps food tasting fresh. It has a wide cooking space for your meals.

The pan is strong and durable. It features a cool handle and drip-free pouring for easy use.

Pros Cons
  • Compatible with all cooktops up to 650℉
  • Even heat distribution from bottom to sidewalls
  • Non-toxic 304 stainless steel cooking surface
  • Energy saving – uses up to 20% less fuel
  • Durable construction withstands high temperatures
  • Can be heavy for some users
  • Not recommended to heat empty pan
  • Handle may get warm during cooking

Perfect For:

The DELARLO Tri-Ply Stainless Steel Frying Pan is perfect for anyone who loves to cook. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced chef, this pan makes cooking easy and enjoyable. It’s great for those who want healthy, non-toxic meals and appreciate efficient heat distribution. Plus, it’s suitable for all cooktops!

Ready to Purchase?

10. Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan with Lid, Non Toxic PFAS-Free Diamond Ceramic Nonstick, Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Metal Utensil Safe, Deep Jumbo Cooker Skillet with Helper Handle, Glass Lid, Blue

Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan with Lid, Non Toxic PFAS-Free Diamond Ceramic Nonstick, Dishwasher & Oven Safe, Metal Utensil Safe, Deep Jumbo Cooker Skillet with Helper Handle, Glass Lid, Blue

Elevate your cooking game with the Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan! This pan features a diamond-infused ceramic nonstick coating that is 5x harder and 10x longer-lasting than regular options. Say goodbye to scratching and hello to durable, long-term performance!

With its heavy-duty forged base, this pan stays warp-free and holds its shape. Cleanup is a breeze since it’s dishwasher safe. Enjoy cooking with ease and efficiency!

The tempered glass lid lets you see your culinary creations while keeping heat locked in. Cook with freedom and confidence, knowing this pan is toxin-free and safe for your family. Get ready to unleash your inner chef with the Blue Diamond Saute Pan!

Pros Cons
  • Diamond coating lasts longer, metal safe.
  • Heats faster thanks to diamond conductivity.
  • Toxin‑free cooking, no PFAS, PFOA, lead, cadmium.
  • Glass lid lets you watch food while cooking.
  • Dishwasher safe, easy cleanup after meals.
  • Not compatible with induction stovetops
  • Glass lid can be fragile if dropped
  • Heavier than some standard sauté pans

Perfect For:

The Blue Diamond 5QT Saute Pan is perfect for home cooks who want to whip up delicious meals without the worry of harmful chemicals. Its diamond-infused nonstick surface is tough and long-lasting, making it great for anyone who loves to cook and enjoys easy cleanup. Whether you’re an everyday chef or a weekend warrior, this pan is made for you!

Ready to Purchase?

Buying Guide

I love pans that can go from stove to oven. They cut my clean‑up time.

I once baked a frittata in a pan that was safe at 450 °F. The crust turned golden and the pan was easy to wash.

  • Material: Choose a pan that fits your cook style. Hard‑anodized, cast iron, or stainless steel all work well. Each one gives even heat.

  • Oven Rating: Look for the max oven temperature. A rating of 400 °F or higher covers most recipes. Higher limits let you broil too.

  • Handle Design: Pick a handle that stays cool. Soft grips feel good in hand. Some handles can be removed for oven use.

  • Non‑Stick Safety: Pick a coating that is free of PFAS and PFOA. Ceramic or diamond‑infused coatings are safe. They let food slide off with little oil.

  • Cooktop Compatibility: Make sure the pan works on your stove. Gas, electric, and induction are common. A magnetic base is needed for induction.

  • Size & Shape: Pick a size that fits your pan. Small pans are good for eggs, big pans for stir‑fry. A flat surface helps flip food.

  • Weight: A lighter pan is easy to lift. A heavier pan holds heat longer. Find a balance that feels right.

  • Dishwasher Safe: If you love a quick clean, choose dishwasher safe. Some coatings last longer when hand‑washed. Check the label.

  • Warranty: A good warranty means confidence. Look for at least a one‑year cover. It protects your purchase.

Bold words and phrases help you spot the key points. Use this guide to pick the perfect oven safe frying pan.